Answer / barodianbuddy(acca)

deferred tax arises because accounting profit will not be equal to taxable profit. The reason can be split into 2 categories:

1. permanent difference:- items that would have been used in calculating accounting profit but would not be used in calculating taxable profit. eg entertaining expenses (UK tax)

2. TEMPORARY DIFFERENCE:- Items that would have been used in calculating accounting profit and taxable profit but in different accounting periods. eg depreciation/tax allowances.

IAS 12 considers only the temporary differences.

Answer / jejeswara reddy

The need for deferred tax accounting arises because companies often postpone or pre-pays taxes on profits pertaining to a particular period.  
        1.deferred tax Liability
        2.deferred tax asset
 1.deferred tax Liability: There may be a difference in the way certain items of expense are allowed to be treated for tax purposes and how a company actually treats them. 

Tax laws allow full depreciation in the first year after a company acquires certain assets. However a company may actually write off the depreciation over several years on its financial statements. The company may charge depreciation at lower rates than allowed under tax laws. Or it may use a different method of charging depreciation. 

2.deferred tax asset: The tax laws may not recognize some of the expenses that a company has accounted for in its accounts. For instance, provisions made at the discretion of the management, such as those for bad debts, which are not fully recognized by tax authorities. 

In such cases, a company is actually pre-paying taxes pertaining to future years. For the year, the profits that the taxman calculates would be higher than those computed by the company.  Therefore a company would save on tax in the years when the expenses or provisions actually materialize. 

Adjusting for a deferred tax asset :
There are two classifications for a deferred tax asset:
1. Expense:
a. Is a bonifide GAAP expense today
b. It is not a tax deduction today
Is NOT subtracted from the cash flow calculation
2. Revenue
a. Not a bonifide GAAP expense today
b. It is however taxable income. 
Subtracted from the cash flow calculation

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