The science of cryptography has existed in one form or 
another for centuries.
Cryptography is the art of encoding and decoding messages 
for transmission between two
parties, while keeping the message secret from unwanted 
viewers. There are many common
implementations of cryptography in use today such as the 
HTTPS protocol on the Internet. All
forms of data encryption and cryptography require a key in 
some form or another for use in
encoding and decoding data. There are even some modern 
methods of encryption that have been
mathematically proven to be unbreakable if they are 
implemented properly.
The inherent problem with any form of cryptography is in 
the method of key distribution.
To date, all forms of message encryption have possessed 
this major vulnerability. As such, it
makes no difference whether a secret message is sent via 
homing pigeon, a radio transmission, a
penciled message on a notepad, or whispering to another, 
there is no physical way to get a
cryptographic key to another without running the risk of 
the key being intercepted.
To solve this dilemma, a radical solution has been proposed 
called quantum
cryptography. This method essentially uses photon light 
particles to send a key to an intended
recipient. The difference with this method of key 
distribution is that it implements quantum
mechanic’s uncertainty principle as a means to guarantee 
the privacy of a key during
distribution. Practically, quantum cryptography has the 
ability to afford complete privacy during
the entire broadcast of an encoded message.