Answer / raheel

The plug flow reactor (PFR) model is used to describe
chemical reactions in continuous, flowing systems. The PFR
model is used to predict the behaviour of chemical reactors,
so that key reactor variables, such as the dimensions of the
reactor, can be estimated. PFR's are also sometimes called
Continuous Tubular Reactors (CTR's).

An ideal continuous stirred-tank reactor is based on the
assumption that the flow at the inlet is completely and
instantly mixed into the bulk of the reactor. The reactor
and the outlet fluid have identical, homogeneous
compositions at all times. An ideal CSTR has an exponential
residence time distribution:

Question 50 - An aqueous solution with 2.5 g of a protein dissolved in 600 cubic centimeters of a solution at 20 degree Celsius was placed in a container that has a water-permeable membrane. Water permeated through the membrane until the h - level of the solution was 0.9 cm above the pure water. (a) Calculate the absolute temperature of the solution, T in Kelvin, where T (Kelvin) = T (degree Celsius) + 273.15. (b) Calculate the osmotic pressure, P of the solution by using the formula P = hrg where h is level of the solution, r is density of water with 1000 kg per cubic meter, g = 9.81 N / kg as gravitational acceleration. (c) Calculate the concentration of the protein solution, C in kg / cubic meter. (d) Calculate the molecular weight of the protein, (MW) = CRT / P where R = 8.314 Pa cubic meter / (mol K) as ideal gas constant.

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what is the hearth and arch pressure in furnace?

0 Answers   IFFCO,

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What happens when fuel is burned , what are compounds released??

3 Answers   Reddy Labs,

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MY generator water cooler inlet line height - 11 mtr inlet water line height - 7 mtr water come into the line from overhead tank, O/H tank height - 20 mtr the first tapping in the inlet line is 2" line which down to 4 mtr level plateform., second tapping in inlet water line goes to a pump 6" line installed at 4 mtr level plateform, pump capacity 200m3/hr, head- 30 mtr, hp-40. the outlet of pump of 6" water line connected to a header of 6 mtr long of 6" line, on this header the six tapping are connected, 4 nos. 3" line goes to 11 mtr height water cooler the pressure of the line is 0.15 to 0.25 kg/cm2, 2" and 4" pipe line connected to a cooler at 4 mtrlevel plateform. my question is, at 11 mtr height level the quantity of water and flow is not sufficient for my cooler, the temp. of cooler is rises much more. you are requested to suggest the modification of pipe line/ pump for take more water flow and pressure (desired pressure is 1 kg/cm2)

0 Answers   Simbhaoli Sugars,

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Question 39 - Acetone and ethanol are separated using a distillation column with a partial condenser and partial reboiler. An equimolar, sub-cooled liquid feed enters at 100 kmol / hr and condenses 1 mole of vapor for every 6 moles of feed. The separation requires a distillate vapor that is 95 mol % acetone and bottoms liquid that is 5 mol % acetone. The reflux is returned from the condenser to the column as a saturated liquid and the operation is run at (L / V) = 1.4 * (L / V) min. Assume constant overflow conditions. (a) Feed operating line is y = [ q / (q - 1) ] x - z / (q - 1) where z = 0.5 for equimolar liquid mixture of 2 components, q = (L’ - L) / F where L’ = L + F + (F / 6) for condensation of 1 mole of vapor / 6 moles of feed. What is y = f(x)? (b) The rectifying operating line is y = (L / V) x + (D / V) (xd) where (L / V) min goes through the points A (0.95, 0.95) and B (0.53, 0.69), V = L + D. What is y = f(x)? Let xd = 0.95. (L / V) min is the slope of the 2 points A and B.

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What is the symbol of sodium?

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QUANTUM COMPUTING - EXAMPLE 32.4 : A system of linear congruences consists of 3 equations : X ≡ 1 (mod 2), X ≡ 3 (mod 3), X ≡ 4 (mod 5). X has positive values. (a)(i) List the values of these equations from 1 to approximately 40. (ii) Find the first smallest value and second smallest value of X. (iii) Guess the third smallest value of X. (b) Let X ≡ Aa (mod Ma), X ≡ Ab (mod Mb), X ≡ Ac (mod Mc). According to Chinese remainder theorem, X ≡ (Aa x Ya x Md + Ab x Yb x Me + Ac x Yc x Mf) [ mod (Ma x Mb x Mc) ]. (i) Show that Ma, Mb and Mc have the greatest common divisor of Ma x Mb x Mc. (ii) Find the values of Md, Me and Mf if Md = Mb x Mc, Me = Ma x Mc and Mf = Ma x Mb. (iii) Find the values of Ya, Yb and Yc if Ya = Remainder of (Md / Ma), Yb = Remainder of (Me / Mb) and Yc = Remainder of (Mf / Mc). (iv) Use Chinese remainder theorem to find X.

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How can you prevent bridging in a dilute phase pneumatic conveying system?

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Question 57 – There are 2 simultaneous equations : (A1) x + (B1) y = D1 and (A2) x + (B2) y = D2. (a) By using Excel program, find the values of x and y when A1 = 80, A2 = 150, B1 = 52, B2 = 100, D1 = 3.5 and D2 = 2.3. (b) Write the expression of Excel in the form of =MMULT(MINVERSE(W:X),Y:Z) in order to get the values of x and y. W, X, Y and Z may be A1, A2, B1, B2, D1 and D2.

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Question 62 – The names of the flow streams could be represented by : H1 for first hot stream, H2 for second hot stream, C1 for first cold stream, C2 for second cold stream. Data of supply temperature Ts in degree Celsius : 150 for H1, 170 for H2, 30 for C1, 30 for C2. Data of target temperature Tt in degree Celsius : 50 for H1, 169 for H2, 150 for C1, 40 for C2. Data of heat capacity Cp in kW / degree Celsius : 3 for H1, 360 for H2, 3 for C1, 30 for C2. (a) Find the enthalpy changes, dH for all streams of flow H1, H2, C1 and C2 in the unit of kW. Take note of the formula dH = (Cp) (Tt - Ts). (b) Match the hot streams H1 and H2 with the suitable cold streams C1 and C2 to achieve the maximum energy efficiency.

1 Answers  

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Why is post-weld heat treatment sometimes necessary for welded vessels?

0 Answers   Aramco,

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Question 53 - In the purchase of a machine with a period n = 8.5 years, the minimum attractive rate of return, i = 12 %, the cost P = $55000, F = $4000 is the salvage, annual maintenance A = $3500. The return of the investment or equivalent uniform annual benefit is $15000. The equivalent uniform annual cost is P (A / P, i, n) + A - F (A / F, i, n). The investment is considered acceptable only when equivalent uniform annual benefit is greater than the equivalent uniform annual cost. From the compound interest table, (A / P, i = 12 %, n = 8 years) = 0.2013, (A / P, i = 12 %, n = 9 years) = 0.1877, (A / F, i = 12 %, n = 8 years) = 0.0813, (A / F, i = 12 %, n = 9 years) = 0.0677. Prove by calculations whether the investment above is acceptable.

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